The present study investigates the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) in obese mice, with a focus on the underlying mechanisms involving the balance of regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper 17 cells (Th17) and the resultant impact on associated inflammatory factors.
The C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal, model, and EA; each group contained ten mice. Researchers established an obesity model in mice via the provision of a high-fat diet. Mice in the EA cohort received EA therapy at Zhongwan (CV12), Guanyuan (CV4), Zusanli (ST36), and Fenglong (ST40) acupoints, three times per week for 20 minutes each session, over a period of eight weeks. Observations and recordings of mice's food intake and body weight were made, alongside the calculation of Lee's index. The serum contents of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, gamma interferon (IFN-), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- were also measured using multiplex liquid chip quantitative technology. Furthermore, the levels of Treg and Th17 cells in mouse spleen tissues were determined by flow cytometry. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR was utilized to detect the expression levels of foxhead box p3 (Foxp3) and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor t (ROR-t) mRNA in the spleen.
The food intake, body weight, Lee's index, serum concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, IL-17A, IFN-, and TNF-, the proportion of Th17 cells, and ROR-γt mRNA expression levels in spleen tissue were all noticeably greater in the test group than in the control group.
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Significantly lower levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were measured in the serum, coupled with a decrease in the percentage of Treg cells and Foxp3 mRNA expression in the spleen tissue, relative to the control group <0001>.
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Part of the model collection. A statistically significant decline was observed in food consumption, body mass, Lee's index, serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-17A, IFN-, and TNF- concentrations, Th17 cell proportion, and ROR-γt mRNA expression in the spleen tissues of the model group as opposed to the control group.
The observed elevation in serum IL-4 and IL-10 levels, the increased percentage of T regulatory cells, and the elevated expression of Foxp3 mRNA in spleen tissue was statistically significant.
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The EA group stipulates that this item should be returned.
Improving the obese state of mice by EA could potentially involve regulating the balance of Treg/Th17 cells in the spleen and modifying the expression of inflammatory factors within the serum.
Possible improvements in the obese state of mice may be attributable to EA's influence on the balance of Treg/Th17 cells in the spleen and its effect on the expression of inflammatory factors in the serum.
A mechanistic study of electroacupuncture's role in alleviating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, examining its modulation of melatonin and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathways.
In a randomized design, a total of 48 SD rats were divided into four groups: sham operation, model, electroacupuncture (EA), and EA plus Luz group, with a sample size of 12 in each group. The technique of middle cerebral artery embolization created the model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Rats in the EA group underwent daily electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation (4 Hz/20 Hz, 0.5 mA, 20 minutes) at Baihui (GV20) and Shenting (GV24) for seven days, and rats in the EA+Luz group underwent the same EA treatment plus daily intraperitoneal administration of luzindole (30 mg/kg). Neurological impairment was assessed by means of the Zea Longa score. ELISA was employed to ascertain the serum melatonin concentration at 1200 and 2400 hours. Using MRI on small animals, the percentage of cerebral infarction volume underwent evaluation. The rate of nerve cell apoptosis in the infarcted cerebral cortex was ascertained through TUNEL staining. The activation of microglia cells was demonstrably observed through immunofluorescence staining procedures. To ascertain the expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and interleukin (IL)-1, Western blot analysis was conducted.
Compared to the sham operation group, a statistically significant improvement in the neural function score was evident.
Melatonin levels were noticeably lower at the 2400-hour mark.
Cerebral infarction volume, nerve cell apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of the affected side, and the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1 proteins demonstrably increased.
Microglia cells were notably activated in the model group. A significant decrease in nerve function score was observed in the model group, contrasting with the EA + Luz group and the control group.
The metrics of cerebral infarction volume percentage, nerve cell apoptosis rate, microglial activation level, and the levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1 expression exhibited a marked reduction.
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Within the EA group, this is the return value. check details The melatonin concentration at 2400 exhibited a substantial increase when compared to the model and EA+Luz cohorts.
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Returning item <005> from the EA group is necessary.
In rats subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, EA treatment at GV20 and GV24 may improve neurological outcomes, potentially through the modulation of endogenous melatonin, mitigation of cell scorching, and a reduction in cerebral ischemic harm.
Administration of EA at GV20 and GV24 in rats experiencing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion may decrease neurologic harm. The mechanism behind this effect possibly includes control of endogenous melatonin production, limitation of cell scorch, and a decrease in the degree of cerebral ischemia.
Examining the effects of moxibustion on miR-345-3p, miR-216a-5p, and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) expression changes in rat colonic tissue affected by diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), in order to uncover its anti-inflammatory role in managing IBS-D.
SD rats, under normal control, were randomly divided into groups.
The artist's profound talent shines through every element of this intricate and meticulously crafted design.
Moxibustion, alongside acupuncture, is a part of holistic healing practices.
Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, a chemical compound frequently abbreviated to PDTC.
Twelve are the number of groups. The IBS-D model's creation involved the use of neonatal mother-child separation, acetic acid enema stimulation, and chronic binding techniques. To evaluate the effect of treatment, the rats in the moxibustion group underwent 20 minutes of moxibustion stimulation at Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37) each day, repeated for seven days. Conversely, the PDTC group received intraperitoneal PDTC injections (50 mg/kg) daily for the identical duration.
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This medication is to be administered once daily for a duration of seven days. After the intervention, measurements were taken for body weight, the frequency of loose stool, and the minimum volume for abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR), while histopathological changes in colonic mucosa were noted through hematoxylin-eosin staining. check details Employing ELISA, the serum levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) were ascertained. Colon tissue was examined for the expression levels of miR-345-3p, miR-216a-5p, and NF-κB p65 mRNA using quantitative real-time PCR. Simultaneously, immunofluorescence histochemistry measured the immunoactivities of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and NF-κB p65 within this colon tissue.
In contrast to the typical control group, the incidence of loose stools, along with the levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-, the expression of NF-κB p65 mRNA, and the immunologic activities of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-, and NF-κB p65, exhibited a substantial rise.
The control group (001) displayed normal levels of body weight, minimum volume threshold of AWR, IL-4 content, and relative expression of miR-345-3p and miR-216a-5p; however, the model group demonstrated a considerable reduction in each of these metrics.
Sentences, as a list, are output by this JSON schema. The model group demonstrated a substantial reduction in loose stool frequency, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha concentrations, NF-kappaB p65 mRNA expression, and the immunological activities of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and NF-kappaB p65, in comparison to the control group.
Significant upregulation of IL-4, along with elevated relative expressions of miR-345-3p and miR-216a-5p, was unmistakably observed in both the moxibustion and PDTC groups, as opposed to the control group's baseline levels.
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Repurpose these sentences in ten different ways, modifying their structure and wording but maintaining the core idea, producing ten unique and varied versions. The PDTC group demonstrated a substantial decrease in serum IL-6 levels compared to the moxibustion group.
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The reduction of intestinal inflammation and visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D rats treated with moxibustion could be mediated by its ability to increase miR-345-3p and miR-216a-5p expression, and to decrease NF-κB p65 expression, thereby reducing the abundance of inflammatory factors.
Intestinal inflammation and visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D rats can be alleviated by moxibustion, likely through its enhancement of miR-345-3p and miR-216a-5p levels and its suppression of NF-κB p65, consequently reducing inflammatory factors.
Evaluating the correlation between skin acupoint sensitization and the inherent excitability of medium and small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in mice with gastric ulcers, specifically examining ion channel kinetics.
C57BL/6J male mice were randomly assigned to control groups.
The numerical value 32 and its corresponding model groups.
The JSON schema's output is a list of sentences. To develop the gastric ulcer model, 0.2 mL/100 g of 60% glacial acetic acid was injected into the muscle and submucosal layers of the stomach's gastric wall, adjacent to the pylorus in the minor curvature. check details In opposition, the control group received an equivalent dose of normal saline, injected in the same manner. Ten days after the modeling process, Evans blue (EB) solution was administered to the mouse's tail vein to assess the number and distribution of blue exudation spots that manifested on its exterior. Under the scrutiny of H.E. staining, histopathological changes in the gastric tissue were noted. The biocytin-ABC method, combined with in vitro electrophysiology, allowed for the measurement of whole-cell membrane currents and intrinsic excitability in medium- and small-sized neurons residing within the T9-T11 segments of the spinal dorsal root ganglia.